Basic Woodworking Joints

There are hundreds of joints used in woodworking, with each one used for a specific purpose. Below is a list of the most common woodworking joints.
 
The Butt Joint

This is the simplist method of joining timber. The two pieces are held perpendicular and are glued together. The joint can be further strengthened with nails or screws.
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(Source: http://www.coateshomecentre.com.au/tips_tricks/tip_basic_woodworking_joints.htm)
The Rebate Joint

Similar to the butt joint, the Rebate joint has a section removed from the overlapping piece. This maximises surface area for glueing, and the joint can be strengthened with nails or screws.
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(Source: http://www.coateshomecentre.com.au/tips_tricks/tip_basic_woodworking_joints.htm)
The Mitre Joint

Each piece corner in this joint equals 45° so that when joined, the joint is square. Extreme accuracy is needed when preparing this joint.
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(Source: http://www.coateshomecentre.com.au/tips_tricks/tip_basic_woodworking_joints.htm)
The Dado Joint
This joint is most commonlt seen on bookcase shelves. One end of the timber slots into the face of the other.
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(Source: http://www.coateshomecentre.com.au/tips_tricks/tip_basic_woodworking_joints.htm)
The Dowel Joint

This joints makes use of tiny cylindrical 'dowels.' A hole is bored into each of the pieces of timber, and joined with dowels and glue. A dowelling jig and bits are required for accurate results.
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(Source: http://www.coateshomecentre.com.au/tips_tricks/tip_basic_woodworking_joints.htm)
The Mortise and Tennon Joint

This is a strong, traditional joint, which is used in the frames of tables. These joints can be made using a chisel and saw, or a mortiser and saw.
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(Source: http://www.coateshomecentre.com.au/tips_tricks/tip_basic_woodworking_joints.htm)
The Through Dovetail Joint

This joint requires much skill and concentration for a snug fitting joint. The interlocking feature of the 'dovetails' makes this an exceptionally strong joint. These joints are often used on the corners of drawers and boxes.
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(Source: http://www.coateshomecentre.com.au/tips_tricks/tip_basic_woodworking_joints.htm)